Niklaus J. Grunwald

Associate Professor (Courtesy), Ph.D., 1997, University of California, Davis grunwaln@science.oregonstate.edu Faculty of the Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing Office/Lab: USDA Horticultural Crops Research Unit Phone: 541-738-4049

Research Area

Phytophthora biology and management in nursery crops and ornamentals

Description of Research

Welcome to the Phytophthora research lab in Corvallis, OR. We are primarily interested in the epidemiology, genetics and evolution of exotic and reemerging Phytophthora species with a current emphasis on the sudden oak death pathogen P. ramorum.

The genus Phytophthora contains some of the most destructive plant pathogens affecting agricultural and forest crops. Important examples include P. ramorum, a devastating exotic pathogen causing sudden oak death, and P. infestans, known as the cause of the Irish potato famine.

Much of our work is conducted with a focus on application towards improving disease management in horticultural and ornamental crops.

Research Group Members

Faculty Research Assistants/Associates

Caroline Press
Meg Larsen
Valerie Fieland
Kim Henslee
Karan Fairchild
Kenny Rolfe

Graduate Students

Hank Raizen (MS expected 2012)

Post-doctoral Scientists

Jane Stewart
Stephanie Bollman

Undergraduate Students

Ian Brasted
Stephanie Brewer

Related Links

Grunwald lab page

USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit

Publications

Goss, E. M., Cardenas, M. C., Myers, K., Forbes, G. A, Fry, W. E., Restrepo, S., and  Grünwald, N. J. 2011. The plant pathogen Phytophthora andina emerged via hybridization of an unknown Phytophthora species and the Irish potato famine pathogen, P. infestans. PLoS ONE 6(9): e24543. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024543

Grünwald, N. J., Werres, S., Goss, E. M., Taylor, C. R., and Fieland, V. J. 2011. Phytophthora obscura sp. nov., a new species that is a member of the novel Phytophthora subclade 8d. Plant Pathology in press.

Vercauteren, A., Larsen, M., Goss, E. M., Grünwald, N. J., Maes, M., and Hngens, K. 2011. Identification of new polymorphic microsatellite markers in the NA1 and NA2 lineages of Phytophthora ramorum. Mycologia, in press.

Grünwald, N. J. and Goss, E. M. 2011. Evolutionary and Population Genetics of Exotic and Re-emerging Pathogens: Traditional and Novel Tools and Approaches. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol 49: 249-267.

Goss, E. M., Larsen, M., Vercauteren, A., Werres, S., Heungens, K. and Grünwald, N. J. 2011. Phytophthora ramorum in Canada: Evidence for migration within North America and from Europe. Phytopathology 101:166-171.

Grünwald, N. J., Martin, F. N., Larsen, M. M., Sullivan, Press, C. M., Coffey, M. D., Hansen, E. M., and Parke, J. L. 2011. Phytophthora-ID.org: A sequence-based Phytophthora identification tool. Plant Disease 95: 337-342.

Mitchell,M. N., Ocamb, C. M., Grünwald, N. J., Mancino, L. E., and Gent, D. H.2011. Genetic and Pathogenic Relatedness of Pseudoperonospora cubensis and P. humuli. Phytopathology 101:805-818.

Cardenas M, Grajales A, Sierra R, Rojas A, Gonzalez-Almario A, Vargas A, Marin M, Fermin G, Lagos L, Grunwald N, Bernal A, Salazar C, Restrepo S, 2011. Genetic diversity of Phytophthora infestans in the Northern-Andean region. BMC Genetics 12:23.

Elliott, M., Sumampong, G., Varga, A., Shamoun, S. F., James, D., Masri, S., and Grünwald, N. J. 2011. Phenotypic differences among three clonal lineages of Phytophthora ramorum. Forest Pathology 41:7-14.

Fry, W. E. and Grünwald, N. J. 2010. Introduction to Oomycetes. The Plant Health Instructor. DOI:10.1094/PHI-I-2010-1207-01.

Rauscher, G., Simko, I., Mayton, H., Bonierbale, M., Smart, C., Grünwald, N. J., Greenland, A., Fry, W. E. 2010. Quantitative resistance to late blight from Solanum berthaultii cosegregates with RPi-ber: insights into stability by interaction with isolates and environment. Theoretical and Applied Genet 121:1553-1567.

Kang, S., Mansfield, M. A., Park, B., Geiser, D. M., Ivors, K. L., Coffey, M. D., Grünwald, N. J., Martin, F. N., Lévesque, C. A., and Blair. J. E. 2010. The promise and pitfalls of sequence-based identification of plant-pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. Phytopathology 100:732-737.

Vercauteren, A., De Dobbelaere, I., Grünwald, N. J., Bonants, P., Van Bockstaele, E., Maes, M., and Heungens, K. 2010. Clonal expansion of the Belgian Phytophthora ramorum populations based on new microsatellite markers. Mol. Ecol. 19:92-107.

Anderson CM, Aparicio GJ, Atangana AR, et al. 2010. Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 December 2009–31 January 2010. Molecular Ecology Resources 10: 576-579.

Goss, E. M., Larsen, M., Chastagner, G. A., Givens, D. R., and Grünwald, N. J. 2009. Population genetic analysis infers migration pathways of Phytophthora ramorum in US nurseries. PLoS Pathog 5(9): e1000583.

Haas, B. J., Kamoun, S., Zody, M. C., Jiang, R. H. J., Handsaker, R. E., Cano, M., Grabherr, M., Kodira, C. D., Raffaele, S., Torto-Alalibo, T., Bozkurt, T. O., Ah-Fong, A. M. V., Alvarado, L., Anderson, V. l., Armstrong, M. R., Avrova, A., Baxter, L., Beynon, J., Boevink, P. C., Bollmann, S. R., Bos, J. I. B., Broad Institute Genome Sequencing Platform, Bulone, V., Cai, G., Cakir, C., Carrington, J. C., Chawner, M., Conti, L., Costanzo, S., Ewan, R., Fahlgren, N., Fugelstad, J., Gilroy, E. M., Gnerre, S., Green, P. J., Grenville-Briggs, L. J., Griffith, J., Grünwald, N. J., Horn, K., Horner, N. R., Hu, C.-H., Huitema, E.,Jeong, D.-H., Jones, A. M. E., Jones, J. D. G., Jones, R. W., Karlsson, E. K., Kunjeti, S. G., Lamour, K., Liu, Z., Ma, L., MacLean, D., Marcus, C., McDonald, H., McWalters, J., Meijer, H. J. G., Morgan, W., Morris, P. F., Munro, C. A., O'Neill, K., Ospina-Giraldo, M., Pinzón, A., Pritchard, L., Ramsahoye, B., Ren, Q., Restrepo, S., Roy, S., Sadanandom, A., Savidor, A., Schornack, S., Schwartz, D. C., Schumann, U. D., Schwessinger, B., Seyer, L., Sharpe, T., Silvar, C., Song, J., Studholme, D. J., Sykes, S., van de Vondervoort, P. J. I., Vipaporn, P., Wawra, S., Weide, R., Win, J., Young, C., Zhou, S., Fry, W. E., Meyers, B. C., van West, P., Ristaino, J., Govers, F., Birch, P. R. J., Whisson, S. C., Judelson, H. S., and Nusbaum, C. Genome sequence and comparative analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Nature 461:393-398. 2009.

Grünwald, N. J., Goss, E. M., Ivors,K., Garbelotto, M., Martin, F. N., Prospero, S., Hansen, E., Bonants, P. J. M., Hamelin, R. C., Chastagner, G., Werres, S., Rizzo, D. M., Abad, G., Beales, P., Bilodeau, G. J., Blomquist, C. L., Brasier, C., Brière, S. C., Chandelier, A., Davidson, J. M., Denman, S., Elliott, M., Frankel, S. J., Goheen, E. M., de Gruyter, H., Heungens, K., James, D., Kanaskie, A., McWilliams, M. G., Man in 't Veld, W., Moralejo, E., Osterbauer, N. K., Palm, M. E., Parke, J. L., Perez Sierra, A. M., Shamoun, S. F., Shishkoff, N., Tooley, P. W., Vettraino, A. M., Webber, J., and Widmer, T. L.. 2009. Standardizing the nomenclature for clonal lineages of the sudden oak death pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum. Phytopathology 99:792-795.

Prospero S., Grünwald N.J., Winton L.M., & Hansen E.M. 2009. Migration patterns of the emerging plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum on the west coast of the United States of America. Phytopathology 99:739-749.

Goss, E.M., I. Carbone, and N.J. Grünwald. 2009. Ancient isolation and independent evolution of the three clonal lineages of the exotic sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Mol. Ecol. 18:1161 - 1174.

Elliott, M., G. Sumampong, A. Varga, S.F. Shamoun, D. James, S. Masri, S.C. Briere, and N.J. Grünwald. 2009. PCR-RFLP markers identify three lineages of the North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum. Forest Pathology 39:266-278.

Malvick, D. K., Grünwald, N. J., and Dyer, A. T. 2009. Population structure, races, and host range of Aphanomyces euteiches from alfalfa production fields in the central USA. Europ. J. Plant Pathol. 123:171–182.

Grünwald, N. J., Goss, E. M., and Press, C. M. 2008. Phytophthora ramorum: a pathogen with a remarkably wide host range causing sudden oak death on oaks and ramorum blight on woody ornamentals. Mol. Plant Pathol., 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00500.x.

Malvick, D. K., Grünwald, N. J., and Dyer, A. T. 2008. Population structure, races, and host range of Aphanomyces euteiches from alfalfa production fields in the central USA . Europ. J. Plant Pathol., 10.1007/s10658-008-9354-6.

Park, J., Park, B., Veeraraghavan, N., Jung, K., Lee, Y.-H., Blair, J.E., Geiser, D.M., Isard, S., Mansfield, M.A., Nikolaeva, E., Park, S.-Y., Russo, J., Kim, S.H., Greene, M., Ivors, K.L., Balci, Y., Peiman, M., Erwin, D.C., Coffey, M.D., Rossman, A., Farr, D., Cline, E., Grünwald, N.J., Luster, D.G., Schrandt, J., Martin, F., Ribeiro, O.K., Makalowska, I., and Kang, S. 2008. Phytophthora database: A forensic database supporting the identification and monitoring of Phytophthora. Plant Dis. 92, 966-972.

Kohn, L. M., Anderson, J. B., Schaffer, M., and Grünwald, N. J. 2008. Marker stability throughout 400 days of hyphal growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Fungal Genetics and Biology 45:613-617.

Grünwald, N. J., Goss, E. M., Larsen, M. M., Press, C. M., McDonald, V. T., Blomquist C. and Thomas, S. L. First report of the European lineage of Phytophthora ramorum on Viburnum and Osmanthus spp. in a California nursery. Plant Disease 92:314-314. 2008.

Grünwald, N. J., Kitner, K., McDonald, V. and Goss, E. M. 2008. Susceptibility in Viburnum to Phytophthora ramorum. Plant Disease 92:210-214.

Akamatsu, H. O., Grünwald, N. J., Chilvers, M. I., Porter, L. D., Peever, T. L. 2007. Development of codominant simple sequence repeat, single nucleotide polymorphism and sequence characterized amplified region markers for the pea root rot pathogen, Aphanomyces euteiches. Journal of Microbiological Methods 71:82-86.

Malvárez, G., Carbone, I., Grünwald, N. J., Subbarao, K. V., Schafer, M., and Kohn, L. M. 2007. New populations of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from lettuce in California and peas and lentils in Washington . Phytopathology 97:470-483.

Garay-Serrano, E., Fernández-Pavía, S. P., Rodríguez-Alvarado, G., Flier, W. G., Lozoya-Saldaña, H., Rojas-Martínez, R. I., Goss E. M., and Grünwald, N. J. 2007. First Report of haplotype I-b of Phytophthora infestans in central Mexico . Plant Disease 91:909-909.

Prospero, S., Hansen, E. M., Grünwald, N. J., and Winton, L. M. 2007. Population dynamics of the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon from 2001 to 2004. Molecular Ecology, in press.

Garnica, D. P., Pinzon, A. M., Quesada-Ocampo, L. M., Bernal, A. J., Barreto, E., Grünwald, N. J., and Restrepo, S. 2006. Survey and analysis of microsatellites from transcript sequences in Phytophthora species: frequency, distribution, and potential as markers for the phylum Oomycota. BMC Genomics 7:245.

Grünwald, N. J., Sturbaum, A. K., Romero Montes, G., Garay Serrano, E., Lozoya-Saldaña, H., and Fry, W. E. 2006. Selection for fungicide resistance in a recombining population of Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 96:1397-1403.

Grünwald, N. J. and G.-A. Hoheisel. 2006. Hierarchical analysis of diversity, selfing and genetic differentiation in populations of the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches. Phytopathology 96:1134-1141.

Tyler, B. M., Tripathy, S., Zhang, X., Dehal, P., Jiang, R. H. Y., Aerts, A., Arredondo, F. D., Baxter, L., Bensasson, D., Beynon, J. L., Chapman, J., Damasceno, C. M. B., Dorrance, A. E., Dou, D., Dickerman, A. W., Dubchak, I. L., Garbelotto, M., Gijzen, M., Gordon, S. G., Govers, F., Grunwald, N. J., Huang, W., Ivors, K. L., Jones, R. W., Kamoun, S., Krampis, K., Lamour, K. H., Lee, M.-K., McDonald, W. H., Medina, M., Meijer, H. J. G., Nordberg, E. K., Maclean, D. J., Ospina-Giraldo, M. D., Morris, P. F., Phuntumart, V., Putnam, N. H., Rash, S., Rose, J. K. C., Sakihama, Y., Salamov, A. A., Savidor, A., Scheuring, C. F., Smith, B. M., Sobral, B. W. S., Terry, A., Torto-Alalibo, T. A., Win, J., Xu, Z., Zhang, H., Grigoriev, I. V., Rokhsar, D. S., and Boore, J. L. 2006. Phytophthora genome sequences uncover evolutionary origins and mechanisms of pathogenesis. Science 313 (5791):1261-1266.

Grünwald, N.J. and W.G. Flier. 2005. Biology of Phytophthora infestans at its center of origin. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 43:171-90.

Andrade-Piedra, J.L., G.A. Forbes, D. Shtienberg, N.J. Grünwald, M.G. Chacón, M.V. Taipe, R.J. Hijmans, and W.E. Fry. 2005. Qualification of a plant disease simulation model: performance of the LATEBLIGHT model across a broad range of environments. Phytopathology. 95:1412-1422.

Fernández-Pavía, S. P., N. J. Grünwald, M. Díaz-Valasis, M. Cadena Hinojosa, and Fry, W. E. 2004. Soil-borne oospores of Phytophthora infestans in central Mexico survive winter fallow and infect potato plants in the field. Plant Disease 88: 29-33.

Grünwald, N. J., S. B. Goodwin, M. G. Milgroom, and W. E. Fry. 2003. Analysis of genotypic diversity data for populations of microorganisms. Phytopathology 93: 738-746.

Flier, W. G., N. J. Grünwald, L. P. N. M. Kroon, A. K. Sturbaum, Bosch G. B. M. van den, E. Gray-Serrano, W. E. Fry, and L. J. Turkensteen. 2003. The population structure of Phytophthora infestans from the Toluca Valley in central Mexico suggests genetic differentiation between populations from cultivated potato and wild Solanum species. Phytopathology 93: 382-390.

Grünwald, N. J., Romero Montes, G., Lozoya Saldaña, H., Rubio Covarrubias, O. A., and Fry, W. E. 2002. Potato late blight management in the Toluca valley: Field validation of SimCast modified for cultivars with high field resistance. Plant Disease 86: 1163-1168.

Grünwald, N. J., Cadena Hinojosa, M. A., Rubio Covarrubias, O., Rivera Peña, A., Niederhauser, J. S., and W. E. Fry. 2002. Potato cultivars from the Mexican national program: Sources and durability of resistance against late blight. Phytopathology 92: 688-693.

Flier, W. G., Grünwald, N. J., Kroon, L. P. N. M., van den Bosch, T. B. M., Garay-Serrano, E., and P. J. M. Bonants. 2002. Phytophthora ipomoeae sp. nov., a new homothallic species causing leaf blight on Ipomoea longipenduculata in the Toluca Valley . Mycol. Res. 106: 848-856.

Grünwald, N. J., Flier, W. G., Sturbaum, A. K., Garay-Serrano, E., van den Bosch, T. G. B. M., Smart, C. D., Matuszak, J. M., Turkensteen, L. J., and Fry, W. E. 2001. Population structure of Phytophthora infestans in the Toluca Valley Region of Central Mexico. Phytopathology 91: 882-890.

Flier, W. G., Grünwald, N. J., Fry, W. E. and L. J. Turkensteen. 2001. Formation, production and viability of oospores of Phytophthora infestans from potato and Solanum demissum in the Toluca Valley , central Mexico . Mycological Research 105: 998-1006.